Can Condoms Curb Climate Change?

Family planning, an important but often overlooked idea in the expanding arsenal of policy needed to address global warming, is the subject of a new report released by the Worldwatch Institute this week. It’s not a new concept — the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change considers population growth to be one of the most consistent factors contributing to climate change — but technology based (and market driven) solutions continue to get more political will and attention.

They shouldn’t. Improving women’s access to contraception and better family planning methods could have a drastic impact on the levels of carbon dioxide emissions humans release into the atmosphere. Since the beginning of the industrial age — the benchmark widely used as the historical moment when carbon emissions began to skyrocket — the earth’s population has increased sevenfold. Right now, we’re growing at an average of about 80 million more people per year, and most of that growth is happening in areas where pregnancies are unplanned and often unwanted. Every year 190 million women get pregnant, and a third of those women did not plan their pregnancy, according to the UN.

Not only does this population surge in developing nations impact the immediate environment through degradation and inhibiting better city planning, it contributes significantly to how we’re changing the chemistry of the planet. The combination of all our post-industrial technology and so many people has pushed the planet to its limits, and Worldwatch argues that controlling further rapid population growth at this critical juncture will be as important a factor in combating climate change as finding cleaner energy resources.

According to the reports findings, if the world’s population leveled off at 8 billion by 2050 (the U.N.’s low-growth estimate) instead of reaching the more often projected 9 billion (it’s medium growth estimate), CO2 emissions would be reduced more than if global deforestation were completely eliminated, or to put it another way, by the equivalent of if the fuel efficiency of 2 billion cars were doubled from 13 kilometers per liter to 26 kilometers per liter.

Those are impressive statistics, but getting governments to capitalize on that vast potential requires a radical shift in the way that population growth is thought about in policy circles. Report author Robert Engelman, Worldwatch’s Vice President for Programs, writes:

Population is associated with sensitive issues like sexuality, contraception, abortion, migration, and religion. But increasing women’s reproductive rights should be at the heart of the climate discussion, in the same basket as strategies like increasing energy efficiency and researching new technologies.

It’s an elegant argument because focusing on better family planning has a host of positive side effects aside from its environmental potential.  Lower fertility rates are directly related to economic development, and since the 1960s, thanks to contraceptives, the birth rate in developing nations has gone from six births per woman to three. The social and health benefits of this are obvious: it reduces poverty, prevents women from getting unsafe abortions, improves the quality of life for families and communities, and generally promotes better equality for women in society.

From a climate change perspective, it’s also helping the very people who will need it the most: women and children living in developing nations are the most vulnerable to the worst effects of climate change – flooding, drought, unpredictable crop yields (in southeast Asia, 90% of rice growers are women!!)  – despite the fact that they have the least to do with creating it. As the governments of developing nations are very well aware, the wealthiest countries, with less than 20% of the world’s people, eat up 86% of the world’s natural resources and produce most of the world’s emissions.

By assuring that women have better access to and freedom to use family planning to increase the proportion of planned births, the gradual resulting decline in population offers both an in immediate benefit for the people closest to them, and for millions more who they will never meet.

Read more about population growth and climate change from the U.N. Population Fund (UNFPA).

Related Topics: population growth, Climate Science, Health
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  • travelsketchwrite

    Even if we could freeze the population at current levels, we have a tremendous challenge as the current population moves up the income and consumption curve.

    For more on population, the number one most read article at 8020 Vision is:
    http://8020vision.com/2010/06/21/the-real-population-problem/

    There are some good charts showing the trends in population growth and consumption.

    Jay Kimball
    8020 Vision

  • vasumurti

    Dave Gardner distributes Endangered Species Condoms, in conjunction with the Center for Biological Diversity.

    On USENET in either 1987 or 1988, I pointed out from California via e-mail to a pro-life student at Rutgers University in New Jersey that we never see anti-abortionists distributing condoms on campuses, in order to bring down the abortion rate (what to speak of addressing the threat of “overpopulation”!).

    The pro-life response? In 1990, CNN ran a news story about “entertainers” distributing condoms on campuses! This led me to conclude that pro-lifers (thinking themselves as “sexually liberated” as pro-choicers; deriding followers of other religions, where there is no dating or boyfriends or girlfriends) find it impossible themselves to be open and honest about contraception, fellatio, etc.!

    Distributing condoms is fine, but the real cause of environmental destruction is not “overpopulation,” but our meat-centered diet.

    It makes sense to eat lower on the food chain! Dudley Giehl writes in his 1979 book, Vegetarianism: A Way of Life:

    “The pacific sardine lives along the coasts of North America from Alaska to southern California. Sardines, once a major part of the California fishing industry, are now considered to be “commercially extinct.” Another species classified as “commercially extinct” is the New England haddock. Ecologists have also been concerned about the significant reduction in finfish, the Atlantic bluefin tuna, Lake Erie cisco, and blackfins that inhabit Lakes Huron and Michigan.

    “Over 200,000 porpoises are killed every year by fishermen seeking tuna in the Pacific. Sea turtles are similarly killed in Caribbean shrimp operations. Some animals are killed because, as carnivores, they compete with the human predator for the right to kill other animals for food, including wild game and domesticated species raised by livestock ranchers. Alaskan hunters are eager to reduce the wolf population in their state because this animal is a predator of moose.

    “Cougars, coyotes and wolves are considered a menace to the cattle and sheep industries, and livestock ranchers have engaged in a large-scale campaign to exterminate them. Two species of wolves are now endangered, and very few wolves can be found in the United States except in Alaska and northeastern Minnesota. The relatively small number of eagles in the U.S. is largely due to the destruction of this species by livestock ranchers, particularly those in the sheep business.

    “Herbivorous animals that inhabit rangeland areas are also killed by the livestock industry because they compete with cattle and sheep for food. Large numbers of kangaroos are being exterminated in Australia, while in the United States livestock ranchers seek to destroy wild horses, wild burros, deer, elk, antelope and prairie dogs.”

    Author John Robbins provides these points and facts in his Pulitzer Prize nominated Diet for a New America (1987):

    Half the water consumed in the U.S. irrigates land growing feed and fodder for livestock. Huge amounts of water wash away their excrement. U.S. livestock produce twenty times as much excrement as the entire human population, creating sewage which is ten to several hundred times as concentrated as raw domestic sewage. Animal wastes cause thrice as much water pollution than does the U.S. human population; the meat industry causes thrice as much harmful organic water pollution than the rest of the nation’s industries combined.

    Meat producers, the number one industrial polluters in our nation, contribute to half the water pollution in the United States. The water that goes into a 1,000 lb. steer could float a destroyer. It takes 25 gallons of water to produce a pound of wheat, but 2,500 gallons to produce a pound of meat. If these costs weren’t subsidized by the American taxpayers, the cheapest hamburger meat would be $35 per pound!

    Subsidizing the California meat industry costs taxpayers $24 billion annually. Livestock producers are California’s biggest consumers of water. Every tax dollar the state doles out to livestock producers costs taxpayers over seven dollars in lost wages, higher living costs and reduced business income. Seventeen western states have enough water supplies to support economies and populations twice as large as the present.

    Overgrazing of cattle leads to topsoil erosion, turning once-arable land into desert. We lose four million acres of topsoil each year and 85 percent of this loss is directly caused by raising livestock. To replace the soil we’ve lost, we’re destroying our forests. Since 1967, the rate of deforestation in the U.S. has been one acre every five seconds. For each acre cleared in urbanization, seven are cleared for grazing or growing livestock feed.

    One-third of all raw materials in the U.S. are consumed by the livestock industry and it takes thrice as much fossil fuel energy to produce meat than it does to produce plant foods. A report on the energy crisis in Scientific American warned: “The trends in meat consumption and energy consumption are on a collision course.”

    Nor can fish provide any help here, notes Keith Akers in A Vegetarian Sourcebook (1983). There are signs that the fishing industry (which is quite energy-intensive) has already overfished the oceans in several areas. And fish could never play a major role in the worlds diet anyway: the entire global fish catch of the world, if divided among all the world’s inhabitants would amount to only a few ounces of fish per person per week.

    The American Dietetic Association reports that throughout history, humans have lived on “vegetarian or near vegetarian diets,”; meat has traditionally been a luxury. Nathan Pritikin, author of The Pritikin Plan, recommended not more than three ounces of animal protein per day; three ounces per week for his patients that already suffered a heart attack.

    Providing the entire world with a meat-centered diet is absurd. But what about providing only the affluent with a meat-centered diet? According to Keith Akers, if the world population triples in the next hundred years, and meat consumption continues, then meat production would have to triple as well. Instead of 3.7 billion acres of cropland and 7.5 billion acres of grazing land, we would require 11.1 billion acres of cropland and 22.5 billion acres of grazing land.

    But this is slightly larger than the total land area of the six inhabited continents! We are desperately short of forests, water and energy already. Even if we resort to extreme methods of population control: abortion, infanticide, genocide, etc…modest increases in the world population would make it impossible to maintain current levels of meat consumption. On a vegan diet, however, the world could easily support a population several times its present size. The world’s cattle alone consume enough to feed 8.7 billion humans.

    According to the editors of World Watch, July/August 2004: “The human appetite for animal flesh is a driving force behind virtually every major category of environmental damage now threatening the human future–deforestization, topsoil erosion, fresh water scarcity, air and water pollution, climate change, biodiversity loss, social injustice, the destabilization of communities and the spread of disease.”

  • http://www.growthbusters.com growthbuster

    Thanks, Krista, for addressing this often sensitive topic!

  • bojimbo26

    Catholics cannot use condoms .

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